DEFINITIONS OF JOURNALISM

 

                                                                 

                                     

          1.      Author: Walter Lippman

            Book: Public opinion

           Date: 1992

            Definition: “the function of journalism is to inform but to also challenge power”

 

2     Author: James W. Carey

Book:  Communication as culture

Date: 1989

Definition: “communication as culture explores the relationship between media and culture”

 

3     Author: Bill Kovach

Book: The element of journalism

Date: 3rd December, 2001

Definition: “journalism’s primary purpose is to provide citizens with the information they read to be free and self governing”

 

 

4.  Author: Barbie Zelizer

                 Book: Institution of American democracy

Date: 2005

Definition: “journalism is a phenomenon with volume, materiality, dimension, depth and complexity”

 

5. Author: Brian McNair

Book: Making journalists

Date: 2006

Definition: “it is the most influential and contentious art form with the capacity to shape the agenda of public debate”

 

            6. Author: Denis Mcquail

Book: Mcquail

Date: 2000

Definition: “it is the most influential and contentious art form with the capacity to shape the agenda of public debate”

 

 

 

 

7.      Author: Jay Rosen

Book: What are journalist for

Date:  1999

Definition: “explores the changing landscape of journalism and the evolving role of the audience in “what are journalists for”

 

             8.    Author: Daniel C. Hallin

Book:

Date: 2015

Definition: “journalism is the activity of gathering and presenting news for public dissemination”

 

9.      Author: Mark Deuze

Book:  Beyond journalism

Date: 2017

Definition: “journalism is widely the recognized and seen as a set of valves, principles and practices enacted in different ways and settling a sense of wholeness and seamlessness”

 

10.  Author : Carey James

Book:  Introduction to journalism

Date: 1989

Definition:  “it is a form of communication to transmit information to the public”

 

11.  Author:  Ian Hargreaves

Book:  Journalism: truth or dare

Date: 2003

Definition: “he defines journalism as a pursuit of truth, providing accurate and timely information to the public through the gathering, processing and dissemination news”

 

12.  Author:  Dan Gillimor

Books:  We the media

Date:  2004

Definition: “journalism is cooperative process involving both professional journalists and citizens”

 

13.  Author: A.J Liebling

Book: The press

Date: 1981

Definition:  “journalism is defined as the business of comforting the affected and afflicting the comfortable”

 

14.   Author:  Carl Bernstein

 Book: All the president’s men

Date: 1917

Definition:  “journalism is the pursuit of myth in the public interest”

15.   Author: Tim Harrower

Book:  Inside reporting: third edition

Date:  2012

Definition:  “he defines journalism as the discipline of verification”

 

16.  Author: Cronkite Walter

Book: A reporter’s life

Date: 1973

Definition: “journalism is the art of reporting fact, news and events accurately and objected”

 

17.  Author:  B. Zelizer

Book: Journalism as a profession

Date: 2005

Definition: “journalism is often regarded as a set of professional activities by which are qualities to be called a “journalist”

 

18.  Author: Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman

Book: Manufacturing consent

Date:  1988

Definition: “propose the propaganda model in manufacturing outlines how media can serve powerful interests and maintain societal control”

 

19.  Author: Gaye Tuchman

Book: Making news

Date: 1978

Definition: “introduces the concept of strategic ritual in news production, her work is making news, examining the routines and practices within journalism”

 

20.  Author: Herbert J. Gans

Book:  Deciding what’s news

Date: 1979

Definition: “analyzes news production and decision making processes deciding what

                   News  investigates the factors influencing news courage is journalism”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  REFERENCING

I, A.J  Liebling, The press,1981

II, Barbie Zelizer, institution of American democracy,2005

III, Bill Kovach, the elements of journalism,2001

IV, Brian McNair, making journalists,2006

V, B. Zelizer, as a profession,2005

VI, Carey James, introduction of journalism,1989

Vii, Carl Bernstein, all the president’s men,1977

Viii, Cronkite Walter ,a reporters life,1973

IX, Dan Gillimor, we the media,2004

X, Daniel C. hallin,2015

Xi, Dennis Mcquail,Mcquail,2000

Xii, Gaye Tuchman, making news,1978

Xiii, Herbert J. Grans, deciding what's news,1979

Xiv, Ian Hargreaves, journalism: truth or dare

Xv, James W. Carey, communication as culture,1989

Xvi, Jay Rosen, What are journalist for?,1999

Xvii, Mark Deuze, beyond journalism,2017

Xviii, Noam Chomsky and Edwards. Herman, manufacturing consent ,1988

Xix, Tim Harrower, inside reporting :third edition

Xx, Walter Lippman, public opinion,1992

 

                           

 

 

 

 

 

                                                             

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